Great and Powerful Friends doctrine, International liberalism and the Engagement doctrine. (more)
adam : Engagement: I suspect Engagement is not so much a disruptive technology as an older technique used for creating a peaceful and prosperous neighbourhood amongst peer states. A student of European diplomacy before the 20th century might be able to come up with better examples than I.
cam : You could probably argue that the fraternal: european monarchy conducted diplomacy through engagement. They inter-married, were multi-lingual (as they grew up in Germany, France, or Spain before being married off to English or Austrian royals), they did diplomacy with a handshake and a hug, etc. They also used to have family get togethers outside of diplomacy meetings where all the great royal houses would just socialise.
Parliaments were powerful enough by 1914 that great \'house\' diplomacy could not stop the engines of war.
cam
The 1990s has seen an acceleration of globalisation as the prior Cold War nations opened their economies and the democratic dividend started to be felt in Europe and parts of Asia. The increasing capital, labor and communication flows of globalisation make many aspects of the old industrial order uncertain - one of these being the authority of the nation-state.
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